The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.